独立主格和分词短语口诀三则

在改写或简化状语从句时，什么情况下用独立主格结构，什么情况下用分词短语，如何区分？如何判断？如何使用？

（A）

主从主语皆相同，                               分词短语作状语，

连词从主应省去。                               主从主语如不同，

独立主格作状语，                               从主不省要牢记。

例句：

1）When she heard the good news，she couldn’t helplaughing．

2）If time permits，I’ll dance with you．

上两句可改为：①Hearing the good news，she couldn’thelp laughing．

当主句主语和从句主语是相同的人或物时，我们可以用分词短语来代替从句，将原来从句中的连词和主语省去。例1）中主句和从句的主语都是she，是相同的，故可用分词短语来代替从句。

例2）可改成：

Time permitting，I’ll dance with you．

很明显，当主句的主语和从句的主语不同，不是同一人或物时，我们可用独立主格来代替从句。从句的连词省去。原来从句中与主句不一致的主语保留，作为独立主格的逻辑主语。例2）中从句的主语是time与主语I不同，故用独立主语。

（B）

主动语态用ing，被动语态用ed。

主动语态的从句，用现在分词短语代替，常常位于句首。如：They didn’t go to the Summer Palace because they had alot of work to do．

转换为：Having a lot of work to do，they didn’t go to theSummer Palace．

被动语态的从句，用过去分词短语代替，一般置于句首。如：

As we are led by our great Party，we have won one vic-tory after another．

转换为：Led by our great Party，we have won one victo－ry after another．

（C）

被动如为完成或进行，用现在分词被动形式勿忘记。

1）After we had been shown the labs，we were taken tosee the library．

2）As the room was being painted，we had to stay out－side．

例1）转换为：Having been shown the labs，we were tak-en to see the library．

例2）转换为：The room being painted，we had to stayoutside．